Keywords
Abstract
Yangi tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlarda infektsiyalar neonatal mortalitet va morbiditetning asosiy sabablari hisoblanadi. Bu yosh guruhda immun tizimining yetarlicha rivojlanmaganligi sababli, bakterial, virusli va zamburug‘li infeksiyalar tez sur’atlarda rivojlanishi va og‘ir klinik oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkin. Antibiotikoterapiya neonatal infeksiyalarni davolashda asosiy yondashuv hisoblanadi, ammo u chaqaloqning yoshiga, og‘irligiga, buyrak va jigar funktsiyalariga, shuningdek, infeksiyani keltirib chiqaruvchi patogenning farmakodinamik xususiyatlariga qarab individual tarzda dozalanishi talab etiladi. Yangi tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlarda antibiotiklarning farmakokinetikasi kattalarga nisbatan sezilarli darajada farq qiladi: buyrak va jigar metabolizmi to‘liq ishlamaydi, plazma oqsilga bog‘lanish darajasi past bo‘lishi mumkin, shuningdek, qon-miya to‘siq funksiyasi cheklangan bo‘ladi. Shuning uchun, preparat tanlashda faqat samaradorlik emas, balki xavfsizlik profilini ham inobatga olish muhimdir. Maqolada neonatologiyada eng ko‘p qo‘llaniladigan antibiotik guruhlari, ularning dozalash strategiyalari, preparatlar orasidagi farmakokinetik va farmakodinamik farqlar, shuningdek, resistentlik va nojo‘ya ta’sirlarni kamaytirish bo‘yicha zamonaviy tavsiyalar tahlil qilinadi. Yangi tug‘ilganlarda antibiotikoterapiyaning to‘g‘ri rejalashtirilishi klinik natijalarni yaxshilash, neonatologik asoratlarni kamaytirish va shifokorlar uchun samarali davolash protokollarini ishlab chiqishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
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