REFERRED PAIN: MECHANISMS, DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
PDF

Keywords

referred pain, convergence theory, viscerosomatic reflex, pain modulation, diagnosis.

Abstract

Referred pain is a complex neurophysiological phenomenon in which pain is perceived at a location distant from the actual tissue injury or pathology. This article reviews current knowledge about the mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and clinical implications of referred pain. Understanding the neural pathways underlying this phenomenon is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective pain management.   

PDF

References

1. Mense, S., & Simons, D. G. (2019). Muscle Pain: Understanding the Mechanisms. Springer.

2. Foreman, R. D., & Garrett, K. M. (2020). “Visceral Pain and Referred Pain.” Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 167, 109-128.

3. Craig, A. D. (2018). “How Do You Feel? Interoception: The Sense of the Physiological Condition of the Body.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19(9), 491-503.

4. Bogduk, N. (2021). Clinical Anatomy of Pain. Elsevier.

5. Asatullayev , R. ., & Chinmirzayeva , M. . (2025). DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ROLE IN OUR LIVES. Journal of Applied Science and Social Science, 1(2), 169–172.

6. Asatullayev , R., & Kholbotayeva , M. . (2025). THE HEART AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Journal of Applied Science and Social Science, 1(1), 667–671.

7. PHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SHAPED BLOOD ELIMINATIONS. (2025). International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 5(10), 1734-1736.