THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND DIABETES

Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes represent two of the most prevalent chronic health conditions worldwide, and their interrelationship has been widely documented across clinical and epidemiological research. Obesity promotes significant hormonal and metabolic disturbances, including leptin resistance, decreased adiponectin levels, and chronic inflammation triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines. These changes lead to insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, and increased pancreatic stress, ultimately contributing to the onset of type 2 diabetes. Current data indicate that up to 90% of individuals with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese, and even moderate weight gain significantly elevates diabetes risk. The coexistence of obesity and diabetes further increases the likelihood of severe complications such as cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Preventive strategies including lifestyle modification, balanced nutrition, physical activity, stress reduction, and early medical monitoring are crucial in reducing the incidence of both conditions. Addressing obesity remains one of the most effective global public health interventions to combat the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes.