Keywords
Abstract
Urolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is one of the most common urological disorders worldwide, characterized by the formation of calculi in the urinary tract. Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies have significantly improved patient outcomes. Modern treatment approaches include minimally invasive surgical techniques such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), as well as pharmacological interventions for stone dissolution and prevention of recurrence. This article discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and contemporary treatment strategies of urolithiasis, highlighting their effectiveness, safety, and impact on patients’ quality of life.References
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