Keywords
Abstract
Inson salomatligiga tashqi muhit omillari katta ta’sir ko‘rsatadi, xususan, yurak va qon-tomir tizimi ushbu omillarga juda sezgir. Ushbu maqolada tashqi muhitning yurak faoliyatiga ta’siri chuqur o‘rganiladi hamda atrof-muhit omillarining yurak kasalliklarini keltirib chiqarishdagi roli ilmiy asosda tahlil qilinadi.Havoning ifloslanishi yurak-qon tomir tizimiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan eng muhim omillardan biridir. Avtomobil gazlari, sanoat chiqindilari, chang va boshqa zararli moddalar yurak faoliyatiga bosim o‘tkazadi. Uzoq muddat davomida ifloslangan havo ta’sirida qolish yurak ishemik kasalligi, gipertoniya va ateroskleroz xavfini oshiradi. Ayniqsa, PM2.5 va PM10 zarrachalarining yurakka kirib borishi tomirlarning torayishiga va yurak urish ritmining buzilishiga olib kelishi mumkin.
Harorat o‘zgarishlari ham yurak salomatligiga ta’sir qiladi. Haddan tashqari issiq yoki sovuq ob-havo yurak kasalliklarining avj olishiga sabab bo‘lishi mumkin. Sovuq havoda qon tomirlari torayib, arterial bosim oshadi va bu yurakka yuklama beradi. Issiq havo esa organizmning suyuqlik balansini buzib, yurak urishining tezlashishiga va qonni quyuqlashishiga sabab bo‘ladi, natijada tromboz xavfi ortadi. Shovqin va stress ham yurak-qon tomir tizimiga zararli ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Megapolislarda yashovchi insonlar doimiy ravishda yuqori darajadagi shovqin va stressga duch kelishadi, bu esa yurak urishining tezlashishi, arterial bosimning ortishi va infarkt xavfining oshishiga olib keladi. Stress gormoni – kortizol darajasining ortishi yurak mushaklarining zo‘riqishiga sabab bo‘lib, uzoq muddatli stress yurak yetishmovchiligini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Maqolada shuningdek, ekologik muhitni yaxshilash orqali yurak kasalliklari oldini olish yo‘llari ham yoritiladi. Toza havo, jismoniy faollik, stressni kamaytirish va sog‘lom turmush tarziga rioya qilish yurakni himoya qilishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu tadqiqot tashqi muhit va yurak kasalliklari o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni aniqlash hamda yurak salomatligini saqlashga qaratilgan profilaktik choralarga e’tibor qaratish muhimligini ta’kidlaydi.
References
1. World Health Organization (WHO). Air pollution and cardiovascular diseases. Geneva, 2021.
2. Brook R. D., Rajagopalan S., Pope C. A. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 2010; 121(21): 2331–2378.
3. Hansell A. L., Chen L., Gulliver J. Outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and evidence. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 2016; 13(10): 627–642.
4. Miller K. A., Siscovick D. S., Sheppard L. Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2007; 356(5): 447–458.
5. Glantz S. A., Parmley W. W. Passive smoking and heart disease: mechanisms and risk. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1995; 273(13): 1047–1053.
6. Paffenbarger R. S., Hyde R. T., Wing A. L. Physical activity and incidence of heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 1986; 314(10): 605–613.
7. Yusuf S., Hawken S., Ounpuu S. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction. The Lancet, 2004; 364(9438): 937–952.
8. Heusch G., Libby P., Gersh B. The pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction and strategies of protection beyond reperfusion: a continual challenge. European Heart Journal, 2020; 41(20): 2044–2052.
9. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Heart disease prevention and lifestyle factors. Washington DC, 2022.
10. Malhotra A., Redberg R. F., Meier P. Importance of lifestyle factors in preventing cardiovascular disease. BMJ (British Medical Journal), 2017; 356: j385.