BLOOD GROUPS: TYPES, IMPORTANCE, AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS.

Abstract

Blood groups play a vital role in medical science, impacting transfusion safety, organ transplantation, disease susceptibility, and forensic investigations. The classification of the ABO and Rh systems revolutionized transfusion medicine, reducing incompatibility risks. Beyond transfusions, blood groups influence pregnancy outcomes, disease risks, and personalized medical treatments. This article explores the theoretical basis of blood group classification, its medical significance, and emerging research in the field, including artificial blood and gene therapy. Advances in hematology continue to enhance patient care, emphasizing the need for public awareness and participation in blood donation programs to address global blood shortages.