Keywords
Abstract
Ismoiliylik IX asrda shia islomining muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biri sifatida shakllangan bo‘lib, uning asosiy g‘oyalari Imom Ismoil ibn Ja’far nomi bilan bog‘liq. Ushbu yo‘nalish boshqa shia oqimlaridan farqli ravishda yashirin da’vat (da’wa) tizimi, ta’vil (ramziy tafsir) usuli va imomlik konsepsiyasiga katta e’tibor qaratgan. Ismoiliylik dastlab Abbosiy xalifaligiga muxolifat sifatida shakllandi va IX—X asrlarda ta’limoti chuqurlashib, siyosiy jihatdan kuchaygan. X asrda Fatimiylar xalifaligi barpo etilishi bilan Ismoiliylik rasmiy mafkura darajasiga ko‘tarildi va ta’limotining asosiy tamoyillari shakllandi. Bu tamoyillar orasida Imomning ma’naviy va dunyoviy hokimiyati, bilimning ichki mohiyatini anglash (botiniy tafsir) va da’vat tizimining rivojlanishi muhim o‘rin tutadi. Ismoiliylarning falsafiy qarashlari neoplatonizm, gnostitsizm va shia ilohiyotidan ta’sirlangan bo‘lib, ular olamning yaratilishi, bilimning mohiyati va ruhiy poklanish kabi masalalarni o‘ziga xos tarzda talqin qilganlar. Alamut davrida (XI—XIII asr) ismoiliylik ta’limoti yangi bosqichga o‘tib, harbiy-siyosiy faoliyat bilan uyg‘unlashgan va ta’lim jarayonida ham rivojlangan. Shunday qilib, Ismoiliylik nafaqat diniy oqim, balki o‘ziga xos falsafiy va siyosiy ta’limot sifatida shakllanib, o‘rta asrlar islom olamida muhim iz qoldirgan.
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