Keywords
Abstract
Temir tanqisligi anemiyasi bolalik davrida uchraydigan muhim mikronutrient yetishmovchiligi holatlaridan biri bo‘lib, bolaning jismoniy o‘sishi, gematologik ko‘rsatkichlari, immunologik faoliyati va neyrokognitiv rivojlanishiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Temir gemoglobin sintezi, to‘qimalarga kislorod yetkazilishi, mitoxondrial energiya almashinuvi, neyromediatorlar faoliyati va markaziy asab tizimining yetilishi uchun zarur mikroelement hisoblanadi. Shu sababli uning yetishmovchiligi, ayniqsa, hayotning dastlabki ikki yilida va jadal o‘sish davrlarida alohida klinik ahamiyat kasb etadi. Temir tanqisligi anemiyasining dastlabki bosqichlari ko‘pincha yaqqol klinik belgilar bilan namoyon bo‘lmaydi, bu esa kasallikni o‘z vaqtida aniqlashni murakkablashtiradi. Mazkur maqolaning maqsadi bolalarda temir tanqisligi anemiyasining erta skriningi, neyrokognitiv rivojlanishga ta’siri va zamonaviy davolash strategiyalariga oid ilmiy dalillarni tahlil qilishdan iborat. Tadqiqot doirasida gemoglobin, eritrotsit indekslari va ferritin ko‘rsatkichlarining diagnostik ahamiyati, temir tanqisligining kognitiv funksiyalar, diqqat, xotira, psixomotor rivojlanish va o‘quv faoliyatiga ehtimoliy ta’siri, shuningdek, og‘iz orqali temir preparatlari, parhezni korreksiya qilish va profilaktik temir bilan ta’minlash yondashuvlari o‘rganildi. Ilmiy adabiyotlar tahlili gemoglobin miqdorini aniqlash bilan cheklanmasdan, temir zaxiralarini ferritin orqali baholash yashirin temir tanqisligini aniqlash imkoniyatini oshirishini ko‘rsatadi. Biroq ferritin yallig‘lanish jarayonlarida oshishi mumkinligi sababli, uning natijalari klinik holat va zarur hollarda yallig‘lanish markerlari bilan birgalikda talqin qilinishi lozim. Temir tanqisligi bilan neyrokognitiv rivojlanish o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik ko‘plab tadqiqotlarda qayd etilgan bo‘lsa-da, ayrim uzoq muddatli oqibatlarning qay darajada qaytuvchanligi va davolashning kognitiv natijalarga ta’siri bo‘yicha dalillar bir xil emas. Xulosa qilib aytganda, bolalarda temir tanqisligi anemiyasini samarali boshqarish xavf omillarini erta aniqlash, klinik va laborator tekshiruvlarni uyg‘unlashtirish, individual davolash, ovqatlanishni yaxshilash va davolash natijalarini muntazam nazorat qilishga asoslanishi kerak.
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