Keywords
Abstract
Bolalarda oziq-ovqat allergiyasi zamonaviy pediatriya va klinik allergologiyaning dolzarb muammolaridan biri bo‘lib, kasallikning klinik ko‘rinishlarining xilma-xilligi, immunologik mexanizmlarining murakkabligi va ayrim hollarda simptomlarning boshqa patologik holatlar bilan o‘xshashligi diagnostik jarayonni sezilarli darajada qiyinlashtiradi. Oziq-ovqat allergiyasini o‘z vaqtida va to‘g‘ri aniqlash bolaning xavfsizligini ta’minlash, og‘ir allergik reaksiyalarning oldini olish, ratsional ovqatlanishni shakllantirish hamda o‘sish va rivojlanish jarayonlarini saqlab qolishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Shu bilan birga, pediatrik amaliyotda allergiya tashxisining ortiqcha qo‘yilishi, laborator tekshiruvlar natijalarining klinik anamnezdan ajratilgan holda talqin qilinishi va tasdiqlanmagan oziq-ovqat allergiyasi sababli uzoq muddatli eliminatsion parhezlarning tavsiya etilishi jiddiy muammo bo‘lib qolmoqda. Mazkur maqolada bolalarda oziq-ovqat allergiyasini diagnostika qilish jarayonida uchraydigan asosiy xatolar, ularning klinik oqibatlari hamda bemorni uzoq muddatli boshqarish bilan bog‘liq muammolar ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, sensibilizatsiya va klinik jihatdan namoyon bo‘ladigan oziq-ovqat allergiyasi o‘rtasidagi farq, teri prik-testlari va oziq-ovqatga xos immunoglobulin E ko‘rsatkichlarini baholashning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, keng qamrovli allergologik panellardan asossiz foydalanish va ularning noto‘g‘ri ijobiy natijalarga olib kelish ehtimoli yoritiladi. Shuningdek, klinik jihatdan noaniq vaziyatlarda og‘iz orqali oziq-ovqat provokatsion testining diagnostik ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tahlil natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, ortiqcha diagnostika nafaqat noto‘g‘ri tibbiy xulosaga, balki bolaning ratsionini keragidan ortiq cheklash, oziqaviy moddalar yetishmovchiligi, antropometrik ko‘rsatkichlarning yomonlashuvi, ovqatlanish xulq-atvorining buzilishi va hayot sifatining pasayishiga ham olib kelishi mumkin. Shu sababli oziq-ovqat allergiyasini aniqlashda klinik anamnez, maqsadli allergologik tekshiruvlar va zarur hollarda nazorat ostidagi provokatsion sinov natijalarini kompleks baholashga asoslangan individual diagnostik algoritmdan foydalanish maqsadga muvofiqdir. Bemorni boshqarishda esa allergenni asosli ravishda cheklash bilan bir qatorda, bola tomonidan yaxshi o‘zlashtiriladigan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini ratsionda saqlash, o‘sish va rivojlanish ko‘rsatkichlarini muntazam monitoring qilish hamda zarur hollarda multidisiplinar yondashuvni qo‘llash ustuvor yo‘nalish bo‘lishi kerak.
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