FEATURES OF THE USE OF SYNTHETIC DENTAL MATERIALS IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC DERMATOSES

Abstract

The increasing use of synthetic materials in modern dentistry has significantly expanded the possibilities of restorative, prosthetic and orthodontic treatment. However, the widespread application of resin-based materials, acrylic polymers, adhesives and other synthetic compounds raises important questions concerning their biocompatibility, particularly in patients with a history of allergic dermatoses. Such patients may have an increased susceptibility to contact sensitization, although the presence of allergic skin disease does not automatically indicate an allergy to dental materials. Of particular clinical importance are acrylates and methacrylates, including methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA). Residual, incompletely polymerized monomers may act as haptens and induce delayed type IV hypersensitivity reactions. Clinical manifestations may include oral burning, erythema, cheilitis, stomatitis, perioral dermatitis and exacerbation of pre-existing eczematous skin lesions. The purpose of this review is to analyze the main features of using synthetic dental materials in patients with allergic dermatoses and to formulate practical recommendations for their safe clinical application. A careful allergy history, individualized selection of materials, adequate polymerization, minimization of direct tissue contact with uncured substances, and collaboration between dentists and dermatologists are essential components of prevention.