Abstract
Hernias are one of the most common surgical pathologies, characterized by the protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the muscle or connective tissue wall. They may occur in different anatomical regions, with inguinal, femoral, umbilical, and incisional hernias being the most frequent types. Although some hernias remain asymptomatic, many can lead to discomfort, pain, and potentially life-threatening complications such as strangulation or bowel obstruction. Timely diagnosis and proper surgical management are critical to prevent morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and modern treatment strategies of hernias.
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