Abstract
This article examines the grammatical concepts of ellipsis and substitution in English, which are essential for achieving cohesion and avoiding unnecessary repetition in both written and spoken language. Ellipsis refers to the omission of elements that are understood from the context, while substitution involves replacing a word or phrase with another item such as “do,” “one,” or “so.” The article explores their structural forms, communicative functions, and practical applications in discourse. Examples are provided to illustrate how these tools enhance coherence and fluency in communication.
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