ASTIGMATISM: CAUSES, DIAGNOSTICS AND METHODS OF TREATMENT

Abstract

Astigmatism is one of the most common refractive errors affecting vision.  This disease is caused by the irregular shape of the cornea or the lens of the eye, as a result of which the light waves are not focused properly and the vision is blurred.  30-60% of the world's population suffers from astigmatism.  The article describes in detail the causes, types, diagnostic and treatment methods of astigmatism.  Corneal and lenticular types are discussed, as well as complex forms such as myopic and hypermetropic.  Modern methods such as refraction examination, keratometry and eye topography are highlighted among the diagnostic methods.  Laser surgery methods such as glasses, contact lenses, LASIK and PRK have been considered as treatment options.  At the same time, important recommendations for prevention of astigmatism and maintenance of eye health are given.  This article is a comprehensive and systematic collection of information about astigmatism and is a useful resource for professionals and the general public.