Keywords
Abstract
Organizm tashqi va ichki muhitning doimiy o‘zgaruvchan sharoitlarida hayotiy faoliyatni davom ettirish uchun murakkab moslashuv va kompensator mexanizmlar majmuasidan foydalanadi. Ushbu jarayonlar homeostazni saqlash, funksional tizimlar faoliyatini qayta tashkil etish, metabolik ehtiyojlarni muvofiqlashtirish va patologik ta’sirlar sharoitida hayotiy muhim organlar faoliyatini imkon qadar barqaror ushlab turishga xizmat qiladi. Moslashuv jarayonlari fiziologik, funksional, metabolik va strukturaviy darajalarda amalga oshadi. Kompensatsiya esa buzilgan funksiyaning boshqa fiziologik mexanizmlar hisobiga qoplanishi yoki mavjud funksional rezervlarning safarbar etilishi orqali namoyon bo‘ladi. Zamonaviy fiziologiya va patofiziologiyada klassik homeostaz tushunchasi bilan bir qatorda allostaz konsepsiyasi ham muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Allostaz organizmning o‘zgaruvchan sharoitlarga javoban fiziologik ko‘rsatkichlar va regulyator tizimlarni dinamik tarzda qayta moslashtirish qobiliyatini ifodalaydi. Ushbu jarayonda markaziy asab tizimi, vegetativ asab tizimi, gipotalamus-gipofiz-buyrakusti o‘qi, renin–angiotenzin–aldosteron tizimi, yurak-qon tomir va immun tizimlar o‘zaro integratsiyalashgan holda faoliyat yuritadi. Qisqa muddatli moslashuv odatda himoya xususiyatiga ega bo‘lsa, uzoq davom etuvchi stress va kompensator mexanizmlarning haddan tashqari faollashuvi allostatik yuklamaning ortishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Natijada metabolik, yurak-qon tomir, immun va neyroendokrin tizimlarda funksional buzilishlar shakllanishi ehtimoli ortadi. Mazkur maqolada organizmning moslashuv va kompensator jarayonlarining fiziologik asoslari, nerv-gumoral boshqarilishi, stressga javob reaksiyalari, yurak-qon tomir va nafas olish tizimlaridagi kompensator mexanizmlar, metabolik moslashuv, patologik sharoitlarda kompensatsiyaning ahamiyati hamda moslashuv imkoniyatlarining chegaralari zamonaviy ilmiy ma’lumotlar asosida tahlil qilinadi.
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