Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026), Articles
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026)

BRONXIAL ASTMA: KASALLIK PATOGENEZI, ZAMONAVIY DIAGNOSTIKA VA INHALYATSION FARMAKOTERAPIYANING KLINIK AHAMIYATI

Articles
Published 2026-09-20
Erdonova Marjona Gʻolibjon qizi
Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti, Davolash ishi fakultetining 6-bosqich talabasi
Joʻraqulova Gulzoda Junait qizi
Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti, Davolash ishi fakultetining 6-bosqich talabasi
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Keywords

bronxial astma, bronxial giperreaktivlik, nafas yo‘llari yallig‘lanishi, spirometriya, bronxodilatator testi, FeNO, pikfloumetriya, inhalyatsion kortikosteroidlar, ICS/LABA, formoterol, bronxodilatatorlar, astma fenotipi, Type 2 yallig‘lanish, biologik terapiya, astma nazorati.

Abstract

Bronxial astma nafas yo‘llarining surunkali yallig‘lanishi, bronxial giperreaktivlik va havo oqimining o‘zgaruvchan cheklanishi bilan tavsiflanadigan geterogen respirator kasallik bo‘lib, bolalar va kattalar orasida muhim tibbiy-ijtimoiy muammo hisoblanadi. Kasallikning klinik kechishi simptomlarning vaqt va intensivlik jihatidan o‘zgaruvchanligi, xurujlarning turli triggerlar ta’sirida kuchayishi hamda remissiya davrlarining mavjudligi bilan xarakterlanadi. Zamonaviy qarashlarga ko‘ra, bronxial astma yagona patogenetik mexanizmga ega bo‘lmagan, turli fenotip va endotiplarni o‘z ichiga oluvchi murakkab kasallikdir. Allergik, eozinofil, Type 2-yallig‘lanishli, neytrofil va boshqa fenotiplarning mavjudligi davolashga individual yondashuv zarurligini ko‘rsatadi. Mazkur maqolada bronxial astmaning etiologik va patogenetik mexanizmlari, nafas yo‘llaridagi yallig‘lanish, bronxial giperreaktivlik, bronxospazm, shilliq gipersekretsiyasi va havo yo‘llarining qayta tuzilishi jarayonlari tahlil qilindi. Kasallik diagnostikasida klinik anamnez bilan bir qatorda spirometriya, bronxodilatator testi, pikfloumetriya, fraksion chiqariladigan azot oksidi (FeNO), bronxial provokatsion testlar hamda ayrim biomarkerlarning o‘rni yoritildi. Zamonaviy tavsiyalarda spirometriya bronxial astma tashxisini obyektivlashtirishning asosiy vositalaridan biri sifatida qaralishi, normal spirometriya esa kasallikni to‘liq inkor qilmasligi ko‘rsatib berildi. Farmakoterapiyada inhalyatsion kortikosteroidlar bronxial yallig‘lanishni nazorat qilish va zo‘rayishlar xavfini kamaytirishning asosiy vositalaridan biri sifatida baholandi. ICS/formoterol kombinatsiyasiga asoslangan zamonaviy yondashuv, uzoq ta’sir qiluvchi bronxodilatatorlar, leukotrien retseptorlari antagonistlari, LAMA hamda og‘ir astmada biologik preparatlarning klinik o‘rni muhokama qilindi. Inhaler texnikasi, davolashga rioya qilish va hamroh kasalliklarni nazorat qilish terapevtik samaradorlikka bevosita ta’sir qiluvchi omillar sifatida ko‘rsatildi. Xulosa qilib, bronxial astmani samarali boshqarish obyektiv diagnostika, yallig‘lanishga qarshi bazis terapiya, bemorning individual fenotipini hisobga olish va muntazam monitoringni birlashtiruvchi kompleks yondashuvni talab qiladi.   

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