Keywords
Abstract
Modern English is a global language distinguished by extensive variation across historical, geographical, social, and functional dimensions. As a result of colonization, globalization, and technological advancement, English has diversified into numerous varieties while preserving a high degree of mutual intelligibility. This article examines the historical development of Modern English, explores the theoretical foundations of language variation, and analyzes major regional, social, and global varieties of English. Special attention is given to the concept of World Englishes and the role of English as a global lingua franca. The study demonstrates that linguistic diversity is not a weakness but a defining characteristic of Modern English, reflecting its adaptability and international significance.
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