MODAL VERBS IN ENGLISH: UNDERSTANDING SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN MEANING AND USE

Abstract

Modal verbs in English, such as can, could, may, might, must, should, and would, present subtle but significant differences in meaning and function. These nuances often create confusion for learners of English as a second or foreign language. While modal verbs are used to express possibility, necessity, permission, and obligation, the choice of modal depends heavily on context, tone, and the speaker’s intention. This paper explores the key distinctions in the use of modal verbs and highlights common learner difficulties. It also examines how teachers can address these issues through focused instruction and context-based learning.