CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS: THEORY AND METHODS

Abstract

Contrast linguistics is a field of study that studies the similarities and differences between languages ​​in order to better understand language structure and learning processes. This article examines the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches of contrastive linguistics, focusing on English and Uzbek. A comparative-descriptive method was used, supported by textbook analysis, real texts, and observation of student errors. The findings show that structural differences such as word order, article usage, and tense systems significantly affect second language acquisition. The study also highlights the practical importance of contrastive analysis in language teaching and curriculum design. However, it is also emphasized that contrastive linguistics alone cannot explain all learner difficulties, as psychological and contextual factors also play a role.