Abstract
This article offers a comprehensive analysis of how educational environments shape the functional development of children and adolescents across cognitive, socio-emotional, physical, and psychological domains. Drawing on scientific literature and empirical data, the study investigates the ways in which school climate, teachers' pedagogical approaches, physical infrastructure, and social context influence brain development, academic achievement, and children's day-to-day functioning. The findings indicate that building high-quality, supportive learning environments can meaningfully improve children's overall developmental outcomes. In the context of Uzbekistan, modernizing the educational environment holds particular strategic importance.
References
1. Finn A.S., Kraft M.A., West M.R. et al. Cognitive skills, student achievement tests, and schools. // Psychological Science. – 2014. – Vol. 25, No. 3. – Pp. 736–744.
2. Wang M.T., Degol J.L. School climate: A review of the construct, measurement, and impact on student outcomes. // Educational Psychology Review. – 2016. – Vol. 28. – Pp. 315–352.
3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5712, April 29, 2019. On measures to further improve the preschool education system. – Tashkent, 2019.
4. Alimov A.A., Khasanov I.O. Educational environment and student development in Uzbekistan: A review of empirical research. // Pedagogy and Psychology. – 2022. – No. 4. – Pp. 12–24.
5. Coster W., Law M., Bedell G. et al. School version of the Participation and Environment Measure. // Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. – 2013. – Vol. 55, No. 5. – Pp. 445–453.
6. Mullis I.V.S., Martin M.O. TIMSS 2019 Assessment Frameworks. – Boston: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, 2017. – 180 p.
7. Field A. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. 5th ed. – London: SAGE Publications, 2018. – 1080 p.
8. Diamond A. Executive functions. // Annual Review of Psychology. – 2013. – Vol. 64. – Pp. 135–168.
9. Hattie J. Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. – London: Routledge, 2009. – 392 p.