Keywords
Abstract
The interaction of photons with matter is a fundamental phenomenon in modern physics and plays a crucial role in various scientific and technological fields, including medical imaging, radiation therapy, nuclear physics, material science, and astrophysics. When photons propagate through matter, they may undergo absorption, scattering, or energy transfer processes depending on their energy and the properties of the interacting medium. Understanding these interaction mechanisms is essential for accurate radiation dose calculation, detector design, and the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. This article reviews the primary mechanisms of photon–matter interaction, including the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production, and discusses their physical principles and practical applications.
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