IMPROVING ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUES AND EXPENSES IN JOINTSTOCK COMPANIES

Abstract

This thesis examines the improvement of revenue and expense accounting in joint-stock companies under the conditions of digital transformation, increased information requirements of investors, and the gradual convergence of national accounting practice with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The study focuses on the recognition, classification, measurement, analytical recording, and disclosure of operating and other revenues and expenses. Particular attention is given to the need to separate revenue generated from the principal activities of a company from other income, and to distinguish production, selling, administrative, financial, and other expenses in a manner that supports management decision-making. The research proposes an improved accounting model based on analytically expanded sub-accounts, functional classification of expenses, monthly management reporting, and stronger linkage between financial accounting and internal analytical accounting. The proposed approach can improve the transparency of profit formation, facilitate cost control, strengthen comparability of financial information, and increase the usefulness of accounting data for shareholders, managers, creditors, and other stakeholders.